Wave scattering is the physical phenomenon where a wave deviates from its initial propagation direction due to localized interactions with inhomogeneities, obstacles, or particles within a medium or vacuum. This academic concept investigates how the properties of the scattered wave, such as its amplitude, phase, direction, and polarization, reveal information about the nature of the scatterer or the structure of the medium, serving as a fundamental method for probing material properties and understanding wave propagation in complex systems.